李锦维:美英澳核潜艇合作的军事同盟形成


三国联合宣布签署重要协议

2021年9月15日美国总统拜登、英国首相约翰逊和澳大利亚总理莫里森联合发布声明宣布“AUKUS(三国名字缩写组成):澳英美签署新安全协议”,并言明这是一项历史性的安全协议“AUKUS”,分享先进的防御技术及情报,此举被认为旨在对抗中国。

世人都知道,就在美国总统宣布这一联合声明之前的5天,也就是2021年9月10日,拜登还在7个月之后第2次邀请中国最高领导人习主席通电话长谈了90分钟,新闻稿的内容各自表述。对于美中关系,这一次2国首脑都表示需要改善,美国总统还多次表示需要避免冲突。这次电话会谈,美总统还邀请习主席当面谈两国面临的许多辣手的双边重大问题,但是后者没有作出接受邀请。


只时隔5天西方3国领导人宣布了美英协助澳大利亚发展核潜艇项目,这当然以美国为牵头,澳大利亚从法国购买转向美国购买,英国支持,接下来美国军机会以协助澳大利亚发展核潜艇项目而大规模进出澳大利亚。


世界主要经济军事大国中国和法国反应

中国外交部代表中国政府的发言人赵立坚16日表示,“美国、英国与澳大利亚开展核潜艇合作,严重破坏地区和平稳定,加剧军备竞赛,损害国际核不扩散努力。美英向澳大利亚出口高度敏感的核潜艇技术,再次证明他们将核出口作为地缘政治博弈的工具,采取双重标准,这是极其不负责任的行径。” 赵立坚说,中方将密切关注相关事态发展。

回应AUKUS成立,中国驻美大使馆发言人刘鹏宇表示,各国不应该建立有针对性或损害第三方利益的排他性组织,特别要抛弃冷战思维和意识形态偏见。

因为这项新协议,澳洲取消了原先和法国合作的一项潜艇合同。法国2016年拿下了一份价值500亿澳元(270亿英镑)的合约,为澳洲海军建造12艘潜水艇。该笔交易是澳大利亚有史以来价值最高的国防合同。然而,该项目受到了延误,主要是因为澳洲政府要求许多潜艇部件必须在当地采购。

法国外交部发声明表示,澳洲这一决定“违背了法澳合作的精神”,声明又称澳洲在AUKUS防务联盟框架内,建造核潜艇的决定“令人遗憾”。

法国外交部勒德里昂(Jean-Yves Le Drian)周五(917日) 发表声明,形容澳洲与英美签订的合约等于向法国“背后插上一刀”。法国而且作出了历史上对美奥史无前例的召回驻美国和澳大利亚的大使以示抗议转向澳大利亚转向美国购买核潜艇项目,面对盟友的抗议,美国总统拜登为了安慰法国,表示近日将同法国总统马克龙通电话,估计这通电话将谈到深层原因或许还会给法国在某些方面的一些利益考量。而澳大利亚的反馈是这样的:澳大利亚总理莫里森(Scott Morrison919表示,在上周法澳潜艇协议被取消之前,法国政府早就知道澳大利亚政府对法国潜艇有“深刻而严重的担忧”。法国对澳大利亚决定退出一项价值数十亿美元的建造法国潜艇协议、转而支持美国核动力潜艇的协议感到愤怒,召回了澳大利亚在堪培拉和华盛顿的大使,并指责美澳两国“撒谎”。莫里森表示,他理解法国政府的“失望”,但他表示,他“几个月前”就提出了与该协议有关的问题,澳大利亚其他政府部长也提出过。

他在悉尼的一次新闻发布会上说:“我认为他们完全有理由知道,我们对攻击级潜艇提供的能力不符合我们的战略利益深表关切,我们非常明确地表示,我们将根据我们的战略国家利益作出决定。”莫里森还表示,如果违反情报部门和国防部门的建议而继续进行协议,将是职责上的“疏忽”,这样做会违背澳大利亚的战略利益。他最后说:“我不后悔把澳大利亚的国家利益放在首位的决定。永远不会后悔。”

另外还有澳大利亚的邻国新西兰的反应:属于五眼联盟(Five Eyes)的新西兰回应特别受各界关注。据报导,该国总理阿德恩称,15日晚间澳洲总理莫里森已经告知她研发核潜艇的决定。但她表示,根据1984年制定的“新西兰无核区(New Zealand nuclear-free zone)”政策,新西兰将继续限制部分或全核能驱动舰艇进入新国领海。

但阿德恩表示,AUKUS成立不会影响五眼联盟在情报及安全方面的关系。


AUKUS联合声明

20210915 美国总统拜登、英国首相约翰逊和澳洲总理莫里森就启动“Aukus”新安全伙伴关系发表了一份联合声明。

“作为Aukus下的第一项工作……我们承诺有共同的决心,支持澳洲并为澳大利亚皇家海军建造核动力潜艇,”声明说。

“潜艇部署将促进印太地区的稳定,支持我们共同的价值观与利益,”声明称。

三国领导人说,新伙伴关系的目的是“在可实现的最早期程中,将澳洲的战力投入部署”,并补充说,“澳洲仍然致力于履行其作为一个无核武器国家的所有义务。”声明说,条约还将关注网络能力、人工智能和“额外的水底作战能力”。

英国首相约翰逊表示,三个国家是天生的盟友,这个联盟将 “使我们比以往任何时候都更加紧密”:“这伙伴关系对于捍卫我们的利益,以及......保护我们国内的人民,将变得越来越重要。”他补充。

英国的伊丽莎白女王号航母刚于近期与美国军舰一起到访印太地区。联合声明说,印太地区是一个有潜在军事热点的地方,包括未解决的领土争端,来自恐怖主义的威胁和组织犯罪的问题。约翰逊说:“印太区域是新的安全挑战的前线,包括在网络空间层面。”

图像来伊利莎白女王号航空母舰最近访问了印太地区。


什么是AUKUS

分析人士说,这可能是自第二战以来这三个国家之间最重要的安全协议。

该协议侧重于军事能力,将其与新西兰和加拿大在内的五眼情报联盟分开。

虽然澳大利亚的潜艇是该协议中,目前为止最大的军事项目,但 AUKUS 还将涉及共享网络能力、人工智能、量子和其他海底技术。

联合声明说:“对于拥有志同道合的盟友和伙伴的三个国家来说,这是一个历史性的机会,可以保护共同的价值观,促进印太地区的安全与繁荣。”

领导人联合声明没有直接提到中国,但表示地区安全挑战“显著增加”。


核动力潜艇是什麽?

核动力潜艇比常规动力舰船更快、更难被发现。 它们可以在水下停留数月,发射射程更远的导弹,也可以携带更多导弹。

分析人士说,有核动力潜艇驻扎在澳洲,对美国在该地区的影响力至关重要。

这也是美国50年来首次分享其潜艇技术,过去只与英国共享相关技术。

澳洲因此将成为全球第七个拥有核动力潜艇的国家,仅晚于美国、英国、法国、中国、印度和俄罗斯。

澳大利亚重申无意获得核武。


这不是一般性合作而是3国军事同盟的形成

笔者认为已经发生的事实表明,这三个国家都在划清界限,开始联合对中国在印太地区的各类利益采取反制措施,印太地区当前最重要的就是南海、台海、以及钓鱼岛区域,这些都有中国利益攸关的重要区域。已经形成的军事同盟明显是对中国增加压力,这不是经济压力而是军事压力。

三国军事同盟的形成,将改变印太地区的战略格局以及军政形势的发展,至少对中国是不友好的,进一步说是面对中国的,所以中国政府已经表态,抛弃冷战思维,虽然三国协议中没有明确提及中国,但据各方分析,新联盟是西方一些国家为阻止中国在技术及军事的全球扩张而采取的另一个反制措施。

《华盛顿邮报》引述前美国副国家安全顾问博明(Matt Pottinger)分析说,为澳洲装备核动力潜舰是重要一步,因为海底作战能力一直是中国的弱点。此外,澳洲若拥有一支核潜舰舰队,往后能在印太地区执行更长时间的巡逻工作。

美国史丹佛大学的中国军事研究专家梅慧琳(Oriana Skylar Mastro)则向《南华早报》称,尽管北京可能试图淡化AUKUS,称其为过时的意识形态,但新联盟的重要性毫无疑问: “不仅是协议的内容,它还显示了美国盟友和合作伙伴在思考如何合作方面的创新:这比平常的军事演习和飞行训练做的更多。”

英国政府说这是一项非常重要的防务协议:英国、美国和澳洲的领袖通过线上会议一起出现,宣布这一伙伴关系的事实强调了这一点。它还强调了印太区域对美国和英国越来越重要。该伙伴关系将对另外两个国家产生影响。首先是法国,一个北约盟友,它曾签署了一项为澳大利亚海军建造一支柴油电动潜艇舰队的合约。这笔交易现已经失效。

第二个是中国。尽管英国官员坚持认为新的防务协议不是针对任何一个国家。但是,英国政府确实说这是为了确保该地区的繁荣、安全和稳定,支持一个和平的“基于规则的秩序”。


印太地区涉及印度洋-太平洋海域和亚太地区

印太地区的范围继承于印太海域,通常包括印太海域附近的国家和政治实体,范围比亚太地区更广。

印太海域原本是一个生物地理概念,包括印度洋的热带水域、太平洋的西部和中部以及在印度尼西亚连接两洋的水域,但不包括两洋的温带和极地水域。在随后作为地缘政治概念出现时,其范围与生物地理概念略有区别:通常包括太平洋西岸温带及以北的国家(如日本),但通常不包括印度洋西岸的非洲国家。


亚太地区狭义上指东亚、东南亚等太平洋西岸的亚洲地区、大洋洲、以及太平洋上的各岛屿;而印太地区则在亚太地区的基础上纳入了印度洋沿岸和印度次大陆国家。

使用“印太地区”将改变人们传统上对地区的概念。

即将举行的联合国大会,美中最高领导人都将发言

中国国家主席习近平将与美国总统拜登在9月21日出席联合国大会,但预计两人不会直接见面交谈。

中国外交部星期一(2021年9月20日)发布一句话声明,“国家主席习近平将于9月21日以视频方式出席第76届联合国大会一般性辩论并发表重要讲话。”声明没有提到他讲话的主题是什么。

上星期,白宫表示,拜登会在星期二(9月 21日)当天亲自前往纽约联合国总部,在那里发表他上任美国总统首次在联大的演讲。

预计,这次联大会议会强调联合国等国际机构的重要性将是拜登要传递的信息之一。他的“美国回来了”的主调将与前总统特朗普“美国优先”形成鲜明对比。拜登上任后美国已重新加入了特朗普宣布退出的联合国教科文组织和联合国人权理事会。

美国驻联合国大使琳达·托马斯-格林菲尔德(Linda Thomas-Greenfield)9月17日表示,拜登总统将谈到美国的首要任务:结束COVID-19大流行;应对气候变化与气候危机;捍卫人权、民主和以规则为基础的国际秩序。

托马斯-格林菲尔德大使在记者会上被问到美国如何在联合国与中国合作。她回答说,美国和中国都是安理会常任理事国,“我们经常与他们互动,几乎每天都会。我和中国常驻联合国代表经常都会就各项议题举行双边会谈。”

她说,美国谋求在气候变化等问题上与中国合作,鼓励中国提高减排承诺。她说,与中国共事有时很难,但“有时候我们能达成某种协议”。

托马斯-格林菲尔德大使还说,美国不会因为谋求与中国合作而忽视人权等引起争论的问题。

由于全球疫苗接种率的不同和对新冠病毒变种传播的担忧,近200位各国领导人或外交官将以亲临会场或视频发言等不同方式参与9月21日至9月27日举行的这次联合国大会。


四方安全对话峰会即将举行

美国总统拜登除即将亲临联合国大会外,白宫913日已经宣布,乔·拜登总统将于924日在白宫主办首次面对面的四方安全对话峰会。

白宫新闻秘书詹·莎琪913日发表的声明说:“拜登总统盼望着欢迎澳大利亚总理斯科特·莫里森、印度总理纳伦德拉·莫迪和日本首相菅义伟前来白宫。”声明说:“拜登-哈里斯政府已经把四方机制升高为一个优先事项,从3月间的首次四方领导人级别的接触便可看出,那次接触是虚拟形式的,而如今本次峰会将面对面举行。接待四方机制领导人显示拜登-哈里斯政府把在印度-太平洋地区的接触列为优先事项,包括通过新的多边配置来应对21世纪的挑战。”声明还说:“四方领导人将聚焦深化我们的关系并在抗击COVID-19、处理气候危机、在新兴技术和网络空间方面结成伙伴关系和推动一个自由与开放的印度-太平洋地区等领域推进务实合作。”

澳大利亚、印度和日本三国领导人预计下星期将在纽约参加联合国大会。

拜登的印-太事务协调员库尔特·坎贝尔7月间曾说,计划已久的面对面的四方峰会应当在疫苗外交和基础设施方面带来“决定性的”承诺。

总之,美国总统拜登与前任特朗普总统在一些关键外交问题的态度和作风有很大地不一样,拜登看上去平静,虽然年迈,但是他的条理性还是十分清晰的,讲行动,他的对华思路就是联盟+围堵策略,特别是军事策略迫使对方改变政策,当前主要就是南海和台海,他要维护稳定不允许发生战争。


李锦维博士、哈佛进修学者、国际关系专家和顾问

20210920



Li Jinwei: The formation of a military alliance of US-UK-Australia nuclear submarine cooperation

The three countries jointly announced the signing of an important agreement

On September 15, 2021, US President Biden, British Prime Minister Johnson and Australian Prime Minister Morrison jointly issued a statement announcing "AUKUS (abbreviations of the three countries): Australia, Britain and the United States sign a new security agreement", stating that this is a historic The security agreement "AUKUS" shares advanced defense technology and intelligence. This move is considered to be aimed at countering China.

Everyone knows that just five days before the US President announced this joint statement, that is, on September 10, 2021, Biden invited China’s top leader, President Xi, for the second time, seven months later, for a long-term telephone conversation. For 90 minutes, the content of the press release was stated separately. Regarding US-China relations, this time the leaders of the two countries have expressed the need to improve, and the US President has repeatedly expressed the need to avoid conflicts. In this telephone meeting, the US President also invited President Xi to talk face-to-face about many of the tough bilateral issues facing the two countries, but the latter did not accept the invitation.



Only 5 days later, the leaders of the three Western countries announced that the United States and Britain would assist Australia in developing nuclear submarine projects. Of course, this was led by the United States. Australia switched from purchasing from France to purchasing from the United States. The British supported it. The next opportunity for the US military to assist Australia in developing nuclear submarine projects was great Scale in and out of Australia.

The world’s major economic and military powers China and France reacted

The spokesperson of the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Zhao Lijian, said on the 16th that “the cooperation between the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia on nuclear submarines has severely undermined regional peace and stability, intensified the arms race, and undermined international nuclear non-proliferation efforts. The United States and Britain exported highly sensitive nuclear submarine technology to Australia. This proves once again that they use nuclear exports as a tool for geopolitical games and adopt double standards. This is extremely irresponsible." Zhao Lijian said that China will pay close attention to relevant developments.

In response to the establishment of AUKUS, Liu Pengyu, the spokesperson of the Chinese Embassy in the United States, said that countries should not establish exclusive organizations that are targeted or harm the interests of third parties, and in particular, abandon the Cold War mentality and ideological prejudice.

Because of this new agreement, Australia cancelled a submarine contract that it had previously cooperated with France. France won a contract worth 50 billion Australian dollars (27 billion pounds) in 2016 to build 12 submarines for the Australian Navy. This transaction is Australia's most valuable defense contract ever. However, the project was delayed, mainly because the Australian government required many submarine components to be purchased locally.

The French Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued a statement stating that Australia’s decision “violated the spirit of France-Australia cooperation”. The statement also stated that Australia’s decision to build a nuclear submarine within the framework of the AUKUS Defense Alliance was “regrettable”.

The French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Jean-Yves Le Drian , issued a statement on Friday ( September 17 ) describing the agreement signed between Australia and the United Kingdom and the United States is tantamount to a "stab in the back" of France. France has also made an unprecedented recall of US and Austrian ambassadors to the United States and Australia in protest. Turning to Australia, turning to the United States to purchase nuclear submarine projects. In the face of protests from allies, US President Biden said to comfort France that he would cooperate with French President Mark in the near future. Long talking on the phone, it is estimated that this phone call will discuss the underlying reasons and may also give France some considerations in some aspects of interest. Australia feedback is this: Australian Prime Minister Morrison ( Scott Morrison ) 9 Yue 19 , said last week before the agreement was canceled submarine, France and Australia, the French government knew the Australian government has "deep and serious concerns about the French submarines ". France is angry at Australia's decision to withdraw from a multi-billion-dollar agreement to build French submarines and switch to supporting US nuclear-powered submarines. It has recalled Australia’s ambassadors in Canberra and Washington and accused the United States and Australia of “liing”. Morrison said he understood the "disappointment" of the French government, but he said that he raised issues related to the agreement "a few months ago" and other Australian government ministers have also raised them.

He said at a news conference in Sydney: "I think they have every reason to know that we are deeply concerned that the capabilities provided by attack-class submarines are not in line with our strategic interests. We have made it very clear that we will follow our strategy. The national interest makes a decision.” Morrison also said that if the agreement goes against the recommendations of the intelligence and defense departments, it will be a "negligence" in duty, and doing so will run counter to Australia's strategic interests. He finally said: "I do not regret the decision to put Australia's national interests first. I will never regret it."

There is also the response of Australia's neighboring New Zealand: New Zealand, which belongs to the Five Eyes Alliance, has received particular attention from all walks of life. According to reports, the country’s Prime Minister Ardern said that on the evening of the 15th, Australian Prime Minister Morrison had informed her of her decision to develop a nuclear submarine. But she said that in accordance with the "New Zealand nuclear-free zone" policy enacted in 1984, New Zealand will continue to restrict the entry of some or all nuclear-powered ships into the territorial waters of the new country.

But Ardern said that the establishment of AUKUS will not affect the relationship between the Five Eyes Alliance in terms of intelligence and security.

AUKUS Joint Statement

20210915 US President Biden, British Prime Minister Johnson and Australian Prime Minister Morrison issued a jont statement on the launch of the "Aukus" new security partnership .

"As the first job under Aukus... we pledge to have a common determination to support Australia and build nuclear-powered submarines for the Royal Australian Navy," the statement said.

"The submarine deployment will promote stability in the Indo-Pacific region and support our common values and interests," the statement said.

The leaders of the three countries said that the purpose of the NEPAD is to “deploy Australia’s combat power in the earliest achievable process”, adding that “Australia remains committed to fulfilling all its obligations as a non-nuclear-weapon state. The statement said that the treaty will also focus on cyber capabilities, artificial intelligence and "additional underwater combat capabilities."

British Prime Minister Johnson stated that the three countries are natural allies, and this alliance will “keep us closer than ever before”: “This partnership is essential for defending our interests and...protecting our people in our country. , Will become more and more important." He added.

The British aircraft carrier Queen Elizabeth has just recently visited the Indo-Pacific region with US warships. The joint statement stated that the Indo-Pacific region is a place with potential military hotspots, including unresolved territorial disputes, threats from terrorism and organized crime. Johnson said: "The Indo-Pacific region is the front line of new security challenges, including at the cyberspace level."

The image came from the USS Queen Elizabeth recently visited the Indo-Pacific region.

What is AUKUS ?

Analysts say this may be the most important security agreement between the three countries since World War II.

The agreement focuses on military capabilities and separates it from the Five Eyes Intelligence Alliance including New Zealand and Canada.

Although Australia's submarine is the largest military project in the agreement so far, AUKUS will also involve shared network capabilities, artificial intelligence, quantum and other subsea technologies.

The joint statement said: “For the three countries with like-minded allies and partners, this is a historic opportunity to protect common values and promote the security and prosperity of the Indo-Pacific region.”

The leaders’ joint statement did not directly mention China, but stated that regional security challenges have “increased significantly”.


What is a nuclear-powered submarine?

Nuclear-powered submarines are faster and more difficult to detect than conventionally powered ships. They can stay underwater for months, launch longer-range missiles, or carry more missiles.

Analysts say that having nuclear-powered submarines stationed in Australia is vital to the US's influence in the region.

This is also the first time that the United States has shared its submarine technology in 50 years. In the past, only related technology was shared with the United Kingdom.

Australia will therefore become the seventh country in the world to have nuclear-powered submarines, only after the United States, Britain, France, China, India and Russia.

Australia reiterated that it has no intention of acquiring nuclear weapons.


This is not a general cooperation but the formation of a three- nation military alliance

The author believes that what has happened shows that these three countries are drawing a clear line and beginning to jointly take countermeasures against China’s various interests in the Indo-Pacific region. The most important ones in the Indo-Pacific region are the South China Sea, the Taiwan Strait, and the Diaoyu Islands. Regions, these are important regions where China has a stake. The formed military alliance is obviously increasing pressure on China. This is not economic pressure but military pressure.

The formation of the three-nation military alliance will change the strategic pattern of the Indo-Pacific region and the development of the military and political situation. It is at least unfriendly to China, and furthermore, it faces China. Therefore, the Chinese government has already expressed its stance to abandon the Cold War mentality, although the three-nation agreement is There is no explicit mention of China, but according to the analysis of various parties, the new alliance is another countermeasure taken by some western countries to prevent China's global expansion in technology and military.

The Washington Post quoted former US deputy national security adviser Matt Pottinger as an analysis that equipping Australia with nuclear-powered submarines is an important step because the ability to fight under the sea has always been China's weakness. In addition, if Australia has a nuclear submarine fleet, it will be able to perform longer patrols in the Indo-Pacific region in the future.

Oriana Skylar Mastro, a Chinese military researcher at Stanford University, told the South China Morning Post that although Beijing may try to downplay AUKUS and call it an outdated ideology, there is no doubt about the importance of the new alliance: Not only the content of the agreement, it also shows the innovation of American allies and partners in thinking about how to cooperate: this is more than usual military exercises and flight training."

The British government says this is a very important defense agreement: the leaders of the United Kingdom, the United States, and Australia appeared together through an online meeting, and the fact that this partnership was announced underscores this point. It also emphasizes the increasing importance of the Indo-Pacific region to the United States and the United Kingdom. The partnership will have an impact on the other two countries. The first is France, a NATO ally, which has signed a contract to build a fleet of diesel-electric submarines for the Australian Navy. This transaction has now expired.

The second is China. Although British officials insist that the new defense agreement is not aimed at any one country. However, the British government does say that this is to ensure the prosperity, security and stability of the region and to support a peaceful "rules-based order."


The Indo-Pacific region involves the Indo - Pacific waters and the Asia-Pacific region

The scope of the Indo-Pacific region is inherited from the Indo-Pacific waters and usually includes countries and political entities near the Indo-Pacific waters, and the scope is wider than that of the Asia-Pacific region.

The Indo-Pacific waters were originally a biogeographic concept, including tropical waters in the Indian Ocean, western and central Pacific Oceans, and waters connecting the two oceans in Indonesia, but excluding the temperate and polar waters of the two oceans. When it later emerged as a geopolitical concept, its scope was slightly different from that of biogeography: it usually includes countries in the temperate zone and north of the Pacific West coast (such as Japan), but usually does not include African countries on the west coast of the Indian Ocean.


In a narrow sense, the Asia-Pacific region refers to East Asia, Southeast Asia and other Asian regions on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, Oceania, and islands on the Pacific Ocean; while the Indo-Pacific region includes the Indian Ocean coast and Indian subcontinent countries on the basis of the Asia-Pacific region.

Using "Indo-Pacific region" will change people's traditional concept of region.

The top leaders of the United States and China will speak at the upcoming UN General Assembly

Chinese President Xi Jinping and US President Biden will attend the UN General Assembly on September 21, but they are not expected to meet and talk directly.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China issued a one-sentence statement on Monday (September 20, 2021), "President Xi Jinping will attend the 76th UN General Assembly General Debate and deliver an important speech on September 21st." The statement did not mention. What is the subject of his speech.

Last week, the White House stated that Biden would personally go to the United Nations headquarters in New York on Tuesday (September 21), where he would deliver his first speech by the former US President at the UN General Assembly.

It is expected that this time the UN General Assembly’s emphasis on the importance of the United Nations and other international institutions will be one of Biden’s messages. His main theme of "America is back" will contrast sharply with former President Trump's "America First". After Biden took office, the United States has rejoined UNESCO and the United Nations Human Rights Council, which Trump announced to withdraw.

US Ambassador to the United Nations Linda Thomas-Greenfield said on September 17 that President Biden will talk about America’s top priority: ending the COVID-19 pandemic; addressing climate change and climate crisis; defending human rights , Democracy and rules-based international order.

Ambassador Thomas Greenfield was asked at the press conference how the United States is cooperating with China at the United Nations. She replied that the United States and China are both permanent members of the Security Council. “We interact with them often, almost every day. I and China’s permanent representative to the United Nations often hold bilateral talks on various issues.”

She said that the United States seeks to cooperate with China on issues such as climate change and encourages China to increase its emission reduction commitments. She said that working with China is sometimes difficult, but "sometimes we can reach some kind of agreement."

Ambassador Thomas Greenfield also said that the United States will not ignore controversial issues such as human rights because it seeks to cooperate with China.

Due to differences in global vaccination rates and concerns about the spread of new coronavirus variants, nearly 200 leaders or diplomats from various countries will participate in the United Nations from September 21 to September 27 in different ways such as visiting the venue or speaking on video. General Assembly.


Quartet Security Dialogue Summit will be held soon

US President Biden visit in addition to the upcoming United Nations General Assembly, the White House 9 Yue 13 days has announced that President Joe Biden will be 9 Yue 24- hosted for the first time face to face four security dialogue summit at the White House days.

The White House Press Secretary James Saki issued a statement on September 13 : "President Biden is looking forward to welcoming Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga. The White House.” The statement said: “The Biden - Harris administration has raised the Quartet mechanism as a priority. From the first Quartet leader-level contact in March , it can be seen that the contact was in virtual form. Now this summit will be held face to face. The reception of the leaders of the Quartet mechanism shows that the Biden - Harris administration prioritizes contacts in the Indo - Pacific region, including new multilateral arrangements to meet the challenges of the 21st century." The statement also said. "The leaders of the Quartet will focus on deepening our relationship and advancing practical cooperation in areas such as fighting COVID-19 , dealing with the climate crisis, forming partnerships in emerging technologies and cyberspace, and promoting a free and open Indo - Pacific region. "

The leaders of Australia, India and Japan are expected to attend the UN General Assembly in New York next week.

Biden’s India - Pacific affairs coordinator, Kurt Campbell , said in July that the long-planned face-to-face four-party summit should bring “decisive” promises in vaccine diplomacy and infrastructure.

In short, the attitudes and styles of US President Biden and the predecessor Trump on some key diplomatic issues are very different. Biden looks calm. Although he is old, his organization is still very clear. His approach to China is alliance + containment strategy, especially the military strategy that forces the other side to change policies. Currently, it is mainly the South China Sea and the Taiwan Strait. He wants to maintain stability and not allow war.


Dr. Li Jinwei, Harvard scholar, international relations expert and consultant

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